Algorithms for Life: Scheduling — Sources

[R01] Kurdziel, Duclos & Spencer (2013). 'Sleep spindles in midday naps enhance learning in preschool children.' PNAS. N=40+, ages 36–67 months, within-subject design.
[R02] Spencer & Riggins (2022). 'Contributions of memory and brain development to the bioregulation of naps and nap transitions in early childhood.' PNAS. Synthesis/review paper integrating behavioral and neurobiological findings.
[R03] Spencer, R. — quoted remarks on nap-learning relationship, UMass Amherst media communications (2022–2024).
[R04] Gemini research report (2025). Policy, regulatory, and legislative dimensions of early childhood sleep scheduling — synthesis of district-level reporting, Washington Post, Early Childhood Michigan, and Texas legislative archives.
[R05] ChatGPT/GPT-Researcher institutional scan (2025). Practical/industry survey of sleep-based scheduling in ECE, nap policy, and commercial tools.
[R06] Spencer & Riggins — ongoing NIH-funded longitudinal neuroimaging study, N=180, ages 3–5. Not yet published; study design described in UMass and UMD communications.
[R07] ScienceDirect synthesis/review on sleep and declarative memory consolidation in preschoolers (2025). Integrates multiple studies on SWS, sleep spindles, and hippocampal-cortical consolidation.
[R08] Riggins, T. — cross-sectional neuroimaging work on hippocampal development in nappers vs. non-nappers, cited within Spencer & Riggins (2022).
[R09] ScienceDirect synthesis (2025). Review confirming that declarative memory benefits are larger when learning is followed relatively soon by sleep vs. long wake delay.
[R10] Together/Perplexity exploratory research report (2025). Multi-thread investigation of hippocampal saturation, irreversibility claims, procedural vs. declarative sequencing, and ADHD-sleep causal direction.
[R11] Charlotte Montessori School, toddler schedule (nap 12:00–2:15 PM). Published program schedule.
[R12] Children's World Bilingual Montessori, Santa Clara, CA (nap 12:30–2:30 PM). Published program schedule.
[R13] Pines Montessori schedule PDF (nap 12:30–2:30 PM). Published program schedule.
[R14] AMI/USA Montessori Curriculum Scope and Sequence (2021). Montessori.org.
[R15] HeadStart.gov: Building Healthy, Safe Sleep Routines. Program guidance on rest as part of healthy routines.
[R16] HeadStart.gov: 45 CFR 1302.47 Safety Practices. Federal performance standards for safe sleep in Head Start programs.
[R17] Brightwheel Help Center: 'Log Student Sleep Checks.' Documentation of compliance-oriented nap logging feature.
[R18] NYSED Guidance for Nap Time for Prekindergarten Students. New York State Education Department memo on instructional-time accounting.
[R19] Illinois Administrative Code Title 89, Part 407, Subpart G, Section 407.350 — nap limits and kindergarten exemption.
[R20] California Title 22, Division 12, Chapter 1, Article 6, Section 101230 — ECE nap/rest opportunity and child's right to rest.
[R21] Washington State WAC 110-300-0265 — supervised daily rest period requirement for preschool-age children.
[R22] Finland National Core Curriculum for Early Childhood Education and Care (2022). Finnish National Agency for Education. 'Educare' model integrating rest as pedagogical right.
[R23] South Korea 2019 Nuri Curriculum revision. Child-centered reform guaranteeing rest time for ages 3–5.
[R24] Danish Health Authority sleep guidelines and ECEC outdoor napping practices, cited in Gemini synthesis (2025).
[R25] Japan Hoikuen/Yochien institutional nap divide — welfare-based daycare naps vs. academic kindergarten wakefulness. Cited in Gemini and Together research digests.
[R26] SLEEP (Oxford Academic) 2026 conference abstract: 'When ADHD Was Actually Sleep Apnea.' 6-year-old case report.
[R27] Hiscock et al. (2015). 'Behavioral sleep intervention reduces ADHD symptom severity.' BMJ randomized controlled trial. Effect sizes 0.3–0.4 at 3 and 6 months. PMC4299655.
[R28] PASS Trial Protocol (2026). Preschool Attention and Sleep Support feasibility RCT. PMC12920245. Protocol only — outcome data not yet published.
[R29] OASIS Protocol. Preschool ages 3–5, sleep strategies + parent behavioral intervention for ADHD risk. PMC11852881. Protocol only.
[R30] Adenotonsillectomy and ADHD-like symptoms literature, school-age children. PubMed 23692173.
[R31] NAEYC Teaching Young Children: 'Nappers and Quiet Keepers: Preschool Rest Time' (Aug 2018). Practitioner-facing column.
[R32] NAEYC: 'Encouraging Healthy Sleep Habits.' Family/educator resource linking sleep to attention and memory.
[R33] NAEYC Teaching Young Children, Summer 2021. Discussion of educator sleep awareness and nap-time management.